“Before the Chernobyl meltdown, the nuclear industry assumed that, in the event of an accident at a nuclear power plant, only a tiny percentage of the radioactive inventory of the reactor core would escape from the containment into the environment. On April 26, 1986, when Unit Four of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, however, almost all the contents of the deadly radioactive fission products were spewed into the environment.”
-Helen Caldicott, Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer, pp.74-75
Before I address the central argument, there are two other more minor false statements and a key omission:
1. Chernobyl is called both a meltdown and an explosion. It was in fact a steam explosion–a meltdown is simply the melting of fuel.
2. “Contents of the fission products?” Fission products are the contents–that’s like saying “contents of the metal ingot” or “contents of the electrical plug.”
3. Chernobyl had no containment to hold anything in. If it had, next to nothing would have gotten out.
Now, the real part:
On the contrary, industry and government alike assumed that a worst-case scenario accident would release all of the fuel and fission products–but that it would be extremely improbable. However, such an accident was later found to be physically impossible–the fission products (since they are obviously lighter) escape more easily than the fuel, which in a full meltdown congeals into a puddle in the bottom of the reactor vessel. Furthermore, fission products are only around 3% of the fuel–and in a bomb factory like Chernobyl, even less (and if it had been a civilian nuclear power plant, the design compromises that led to the accident would never have been made, but that’s another post). In total, even in a worst-case reactor accident like Chernobyl, where all of the material was supposed to be released, only about 5% of the total was released. This included all of the krypton and xenon, most of the other fission products, and very little else. Chernobyl demonstrated that previous nuclear safety studies were fatally flawed: they were far too conservative.
Filed under Anti-Nuclear Quote of the Day, Chernobyl, International, Physics, Safety
Posted on September 23, 2006 by Stewart Peterson | 1 Comment »